These have provided not only novel insights into pathophysiology, but also a clinical opportunity to detect early disease, quantify risk, judge response to interventions designed to prevent progression of early disease, and reduce later adverse events in patients. 3Īppreciation of the central role of the endothelium throughout the atherosclerotic disease process has led to the development of a range of methods to test different aspects of its function, which include measures of both endothelial injury and repair. 2 Alteration in endothelial function precedes the development of morphological atherosclerotic changes and can also contribute to lesion development and later clinical complications. 1 The endothelium has emerged as the key regulator of vascular homeostasis, in that it has not merely a barrier function but also acts as an active signal transducer for circulating influences that modify the vessel wall phenotype. Over the last 30 years, it has become clear that the initiation and progression of disease, and its later activation to increase the risk of morbid events, depends on profound dynamic changes in vascular biology. Customer Service and Ordering InformationĪtherosclerosis begins in childhood, progresses silently through a long preclinical stage, and eventually manifests clinically, usually from middle age.Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB).
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